Relational Math

Every now and then I indulge a curiosity about my family roots and try to find out more about my ancestors.
Out of 4 grandparents (22), I never knew two of them at all; they died while I was still an infant. I barely remember a grandmother who died when I was four-years-old. I did know my mother’s father somewhat more. He died when I was thirteen.
Growing up, I never even heard the names of all my 8 great-grandparents (23). Later, I found out that six of them were “from the other side” — i.e. immigrants.
All 16 of the fourth generation of my ancestors (24) were from Europe, my mother’s people from Ireland and my father’s, from Baden, Hamburg, Hesse-Darmstadt and Prussia (all part of today’s Germany).
That’s as far back as I can go, and I don’t even know all the names of that generation of great-great-grandparents. Even so, as I sometimes reflect, if any one of these unknown ancestors had never existed — or never married as they did — I would never have come to be at all.
Most of them were born about a hundred years before me; in other words, in my family the gap between one generation and the next is approximately twenty-five years.
If that’s usually the case, and if I go back a thousand years or so, I must have had almost 40 generations of ancestors. That comes to 240 or 1,099,511,627,776 people.
Clearly that’s impossible. One thousand years ago there weren’t that many people in the whole world — but the math seems correct and I couldn’t be here if I didn’t have these antecedents.
Now, lets push the absurdity just a little bit further: Any one of the several billion people alive in the world today could claim a similar number of impossible ancestors.

The only conceivable way of explaining it is by interrelationships — over the centuries people must have married remote, unknown relatives.
It may not be rigorously scientific, but I think it’s fair to say that if you go back far enough — and 40 generations really isn’t so very far — we’re all distantly related.
That means every other person in the whole world somehow must be a cousin, even if that person is hundreds of generations removed.
Curiously the mathematics — plus a little probability theory — leads to a conclusion similar to that implied by the creation stories of the Book of Genesis: If we’re all descended from the first man and woman, we must all be distant cousins, no matter how many centuries apart.
So what? Well, we all know the bonds of family, the ties of blood and, for better or worse, the obligations that enmesh us in a web of relationships — whether clan, tribe, ethnic group, or nation. If we’re all related, then everybody’s part of that web. There are no outsiders, foreigners, strangers, or gentiles. We are all one human family.
There’s a beautiful attraction at Disney theme parks that illustrates this very well. You get in a boat and ride in a kind of world tour through a fantasy of little animated dolls, each one in the colorful dress of his or her country or culture. All play typical instruments, dance traditional dances, and sing, but, in spite of their diversity, they sing the same song, “It’s a small world after all.”
It is. We are all part of it — and we are all related.


(Published in
one, 31:5, September 2005)

We Need More Pontificating

I don’t know if you usually do it.
If you do, I urge you to continue more strongly than ever before.
If you don’t, I strongly advise you to develop the habit.
What? . . . Why, pontificating, of course.
No, no! Not pontificating in the sense of “acting or speaking pompously or dogmatically.” That definition is the result of a curious evolution of an excellent idea over the centuries. Let me explain what I mean.
Nowadays, the titles “Pontiff” or “Pontifex Maximus” are usually associated with the Pope. Actually, the Pope, after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, inherited these titles that formerly belonged to the emperor.
The Roman emperor had inherited — or assumed — the office and title of Pontifex Maximus which in ancient, pagan Rome was that of the supreme religious authority.
“Pontifex” comes from two Latin words: pons (pontis), meaning a bridge, and facere, meaning to make. A pontifex is a bridge builder. (And, a Pontifex Maximus is the greatest bridge builder.)
Building a bridge in ancient times was no easy task. Spanning a broad river or a deep chasm was an engineering challenge — and often still is.
Yet, what could be more important than a bridge? A bridge unites two separated places and shores. A bridge facilitates travel, communication, trade, and all kinds of exchanges.
Good roads and bridges were part of the success of the Roman Empire. They wove scattered communities and peoples into one political fabric.

I live on an island (Manhattan), so I’ve grown up with bridges and really appreciate them — especially the beautiful suspension bridges.
Their construction starts with two great towers sunk into the river bottom or the shore. When they are complete, a line is strung across the river — then a wire — then a stronger wire — then a bundle of wires. The net result is a pair of thick steel cables from which the roadway is hung.
Bridging the gulfs of isolation and ignorance, misunderstanding and prejudice, animosity, hatred, and fear uses the same methodology. The bridge maker starts with one strand of contact and communication, reaching across from person to person, from heart to heart.
As communication becomes more frequent, as more persons relate one to the other, the fabric begins to be woven and the bridge to be built.
The paradox of the modern world is that, in spite of so many tools of communication with a potential to weave us into one, so many chasms still divide us.
By all means pontificate as much as you can. Whether you’re seeking to solve international problems or to restore unity to family or community, build bridges.
May your care and concern span the differences that fragment the world! May the subtle threads of your love be woven into those cables that sustain the great bridge of life!


(Published as “Pontificating” in
one, 30:5, September 2004)

Becoming Friends — Carefully

Once upon a time, the elephant and the mouse were talking about being friends.
“Remember when our fathers were together with Noah and all the others. We were shipmates, living close one to the other in the ark. Why have we drifted so far apart over the centuries?”
“Well,” said the elephant, “to be perfectly frank, much of the time I’ve hardly given you any thought at all. You are rather small and easy to overlook.”
“Sometimes precious things come in small packages,” said the mouse. “I know you’re big, but bigness doesn’t mean better. Don’t get me wrong — I don’t mean to imply you’re any less. It’s just a matter of equal dignity for all us animals.”
Careful not to tread on the mouse, who, perhaps imprudently, was edging a little too close for comfort, the elephant retorted, “Sometimes you make me nervous, especially when you get near a sensitive place, like my nose. I know it must seem strange to you, but that’s the way I am!”
The mouse found it hard to believe that he could ever make the elephant nervous, but, the mouse thought, “Part of being friends is believing what your friend says.”
To reciprocate the mouse’s trust and good will, the elephant made a generous offer, “Why don’t you climb up and I’ll give you ride. The view from my back is vast and greater than from where you are on the ground.”
What a tempting offer it was, the mouse astride the elephant, but how incongruous too. “Maybe once or twice, just for a minute,” said the mouse gently, “but I have my proper place and perspective, and I must mind them.”

“Another part of being friends,” reflected the elephant, “is to spend more time together, perhaps even living in the same neighborhood.”
The mouse, who lived in a rather large old house, indicated that he was reasonably comfortable, even though traps were often set for him.
“You can hardly expect me to move into your burrows with you,” said the elephant.
“Nor vice-versa,” said the mouse, “for I fear I would be lost with you. Besides, I’d barely be noticed, while at home I’m known to the landlord and my friends.”
The elephant was becoming increasingly saddened by the turn the conversation was taking, and the mouse was too.
“Is there no way, then,” the elephant said, “for us to share more of our lives with each other.”
“Friendship is not a matter of physical proximity,” said the mouse. “In fact, for me that always remains rather dangerous. But there are other ways to be close. For example, the way we’re talking to one another right now.”
“Ah,” sighed the elephant, “how I wish that there weren’t such differences between us. But, don’t we have a lot in common too? Hopes, fears, sufferings, and sometimes even common enemies?”
“Indeed,” said the mouse in fond farewell, “and please God there will be other occasions for us to get together.”
How do an elephant and a mouse become close friends?
Carefully!


(Published as “On Friendship” in
Catholic Near East, 23:2, March 1997)

A Stitch in Time Saves Nine

“Please make a pot of coffee, but very, very strong,” I asked my assistant a few weeks ago. Patriarch Raphael I Bidawid, head of the Chaldean Catholic Church, was coming to visit.
The patriarch is from Baghdad. In Iraq and throughout the Middle East, a visitor is always welcomed and offered hospitality. Usually this is expressed by a small cup of “Arabic” or “Turkish” coffee — a coffee that is aromatic, strong, and thick.
A cup of coffee or tea, a biscuit or a sweet, even a cigarette to smoke, are indispensable accompaniments to any Middle Eastern visit. Another is the elaborately courteous and seemingly casual and random conversation, which often veils yet indirectly pursues a well planned agenda.
A visit is an important part of life in the Middle East — in fact, in most parts of the world. It is a gesture of respect, an expression of concern for the interests of the one visited, and, above all else, an important medium of communication.
Over the years, besides visiting our offices and programs in the Middle East, I make a lot of other visits — to Catholic and Orthodox patriarchs and bishops, to other Christian leaders, to muftis and rabbis, even to civil authorities.
First visits frequently are somewhat stilted and guarded. The unspoken questions are, “What is the reason? Why is he here?” Gradually, as visits are repeated, motives become clearer and apprehensions grow less.
Visit by visit trust begins to be stitched together and the fabric of a relationship begins to grow.

For example, at Christmas time, according to a well orchestrated tradition in Beirut, Damascus, and Jerusalem, each patriarch visits the other — for visits need to be reciprocated.
The visits are occasioned by the holy days, but they form part of the great knitting together of the churches, which is the work of the Holy Spirit in our day.
While in the United States, Patriarch Bidawid visited Mar Dinkha IV, Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, to explore ways and means toward union with the Church of the East.
Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch Maximos V Hakim and Greek Orthodox Patriarch Ignatius IV Hazim, through their holy synods, are committed to seeking the union of the Church of Antioch.
Through their many mutual visits, the patriarchs and other Christian leaders of Jerusalem have enough mutual confidence to meet and plan together regularly after centuries of separation.
Even the fragile fabric of peace between Israelis and Palestinians, and throughout the Middle East, depends on whether visits take place and, if so, the mutual respect they proclaim and the trust they build.
The angel visited Mary and Joseph. Mary visited Elizabeth. Jesus visited Levi and Zacchaeus. Nicodemus visited Jesus. The Holy Spirit often has visited you and me.
Praise be to the one God who knits us all together!


(Published in
Catholic Near East, 23:1, January 1997)